TransitMaster
A smart eco-system for public transportation.
Check it now!
Group Number 5
Guided By Ms. Remya R S,
Asst. Prof. Dept. of CSE, College of Engineering Attingal.
Members
1. Anu Thampi AS - CEA20CS012
2. Govind SR - CEA20CS026
3. Haripriya BV - CEA20CS028
4. Nandhana SB - CEA20CS036
transitmaster.github.io
Table of contents
01
04
02
05
03
06
Introduction Literature
Review
Methodology Conclusion
Problem
Statement
Project
Schedule
Introduction
01
Hello!
●Revolutionizing Public Transportation: Introducing a smarter transportation
ecosystem that will change the way you commute forever.
●Seamless Travel Experience: Say goodbye to long queues and confusion with a
scheduling, seating availability, and ticket charge viewing system, all in one place.
●Contactless Payment: Enjoy the convenience of a contactless NFC-enabled
card for an e-wallet system that makes paying for your commute effortless.
●Student-Friendly Features: Make the most of student offers and discounts to
help you save money while you travel. All while enjoying the added safety of GPS
positioning for each vehicle.
Literature Review
02
No. Title - Authors - Date - Source Abstract Advantages - Disadvantages
1
N
Public Transit Route
Mapping for Large-Scale
Multimodal Networks
Authors: Flavio Poletti,
Patrick M. Bösch, Francesco
Ciari, Kay W. Axhausen
Date: 26 August 2017
●A route reconstruction algorithm is presented
in this paper.
●The algorithm requires only the sequence and
positions of public transport stops and the
street network.
●An abstract graph is used to calculate the
least-cost path from a route's first to its last
stop.
●The path must contain a link candidate for
every stop in the route's sequence.
●The algorithm can handle multiple lines and
modes, combine them at the same stop
location, and reconstruct missing links in the
network.
●GPS or OSM tracks can improve results.
●The open-source algorithm has been tested
for Zurich mapping accuracy.
●The algorithm is implemented in MATSim and
is a powerful tool for reconstructing public
transport network routes in large-scale
systems.
Advantages:
● Efficient
● Accurate
● Open-source
Disadvantage:
● Data dependency
● Technical complexity
● Limited application
No. Title - Authors - Date - Source Abstract Advantages - Disadvantages
2
N
Bus schedule rationalisation
an analysis of trip
completion times
Authors: Venkatagiri, Shankar,
Kumar, Gaurav, Kaushik, Munish
Date: 2018
ISBN: 9789897582936
●Public transit can reduce congestion in Indian
cities.
●Poor service quality of public bus operators
leads to more private transport usage and
worsens traffic.
●AVL data from Bengaluru's public buses
shows a schedule compliance problem on a
popular route.
●Time series analysis of trip run times was
conducted.
●An ARIMA model was used to forecast
completion times.
●Recommendations for trip scheduling were
made based on the analysis.
Advantages:
●Data-driven
●Cost-effective
●Scalable
Disadvantages:
●Limited scope
●Implementation
challenges
No. Title - Authors - Date - Source Abstract Advantages - Disadvantages
3
N
Identifying the Potential
for Bus Route Mergers
using Electronic Ticketing
Data
Authors: K P Nallaperuma
and Amal S Kumarage
Date: 2018
●The SAHASARA pilot project provides a full
year's ETM data from 350 buses on 48
routes in Kandy.
●The project aims to investigate if the data
can be used for bus route re-planning,
specifically route rationalizing.
●Route mergers involve splicing two routes
that terminate at a common terminal to
operate as a through route.
●Smart Cards are more versatile for route
re-planning but suitable route mergers
require identifying compatible demand,
revenue profiles, and supply characteristics.
●This ensures that issues arising from route
merging can be minimized.
Advantages:
● Data-driven
● Versatile
Disadvantages:
● Data limitations
● Complexity involved
No. Title - Authors - Date - Source Abstract Advantages - Disadvantages
4
N
Planning and design
guidelines for bus rapid
transit in Indian cities
Authors: Shreya Gadepalli,
Christopher Kost, Pranjali
Dheshpande-Agashe
Date: 2022
eBook ISBN: 9781003296218
●BRT systems in Indian cities - Ahmedabad
most successful, Delhi most unsuccessful
●Chapter provides analysis of BRT system in
India
●Describes planning and design of BRT, useful
for policymakers
●Successful BRT provides benefits such as
saving parking spaces and reducing pollution
●BRT not a solution to traffic congestion, but
an effective option for rapid, safe, and
comfortable travel
Advantages:
● Efficient
● Sustainable
● Eco-friendly
● Rapid
● Comfortable
Disadvantages:
● Controversial
● Costly
● Inflexible
● Limited
● Vulnerable
to Disruptions
No. Title - Authors - Date - Source Abstract Advantages - Disadvantages
5
N
Mobile application for bus
operations controlled by
passengers: A user
experience design project
(UX)
Authors: Claudio Senna
Frederico, Arnaldo Luís
S.Pereira, Claudio Luiz Marte,
Leopoldo Rideki Yoshioka
Date: 2023
●This paper proposes a new operation model
for fixed-route buses that ensures user
requests fulfillment.
●The model includes functionalities that make
the bus user visible to the operation, creating
a more reliable connection between drivers
and users.
●A User Experience (UX) method was used to
evaluate the proposed functionalities by
typical bus users in Sao Paulo.
●Users agreed with the need for greater control
over their bus trips to ensure their intentions
are adequately served and confirmed.
●The proposed model may be an interim
solution to make existing bus services more
similar to on-demand services and Mobility as
a Service (MaaS).
Advantages:
● User-controlled
● Reliable connection
Disadvantages:
● Implementation
challenges
● Technical limitations
No. Title - Authors - Date - Source Abstract Advantages - Disadvantages
6
G
JRoute: A Run-Time
Routing API for FPGA
Hardware
Authors: Eric Keller
Date: October 2002
Source: xilinx.com
●JRoute is a set of Java classes that provide an
API for routing of Xilinx FPGA devices.
●The API allows various levels of control from
connecting two routing resources to
automated routing of a net with fanout.
●Ports are handled by the API, which are useful
for designing object-oriented macro circuits
or cores.
●Debug support for circuits is also available,
and the API has an option to unroute a circuit.
●JRoute is built on JBits and provides access
to routing resources in a Xilinx FPGA
architecture.
●Currently, only the VirtexTM family is
supported.
Advantages:
●Flexible routing control
●Object-oriented design
Disadvantages:
●Limited FPGA support
●Requires Java knowledge
No. Title - Authors - Date - Source Abstract Advantages - Disadvantages
7
G
Program Your City:
Designing an Urban
Integrated Open Data
API
Authors: Markus
Rittenbruch Queenslan
University of Technology),
Marcus Foth (Queensland
University of Technology)
Ricky Robinson (NICTA)
Daniel Filonik (Queensland
University of Technology)
Date: January 2012
DOI - link
●Cities have a lot of digital information that
was previously not released to the public.
●Public data catalogues such as data.gov.au,
data.gov.uk, data.sf.org, and
data.london.gov.uk have been created to
release this information.
●The release of this data has led to
intensified research efforts to develop new
applications and services.
Advantages:
●Transparency
●Innovation
●Collaboration
Disadvantages:
●Privacy concerns
●Data quality
●Accessibility
No. Title - Authors - Date - Source Abstract Advantages - Disadvantages
8
G
Bangkok Bus Route
Planning API
Authors: Nuengwong
Tuaycharoen, Adisorn
Sakcharoen, Wuttiporn
Cha-aim
Date: 24 May 2016
Source: xilinx.com
●Almost a million people commute by buses
every day in Bangkok Metropolitan Area.
●Many applications informing the bus transit
system have limitations, especially in route
planning with bus transits and walking.
●This article introduces a route planning API
for Bangkok Mass Transit networks that
includes the BMTA bus database and a
shortest path algorithm.
●Experimental results show that the API
takes only a few MB of memory and under
0.025s of processing time for 10,000 nodes.
●The application's response times are under
4 seconds, which is acceptable for user
experience, and performs as much as 3.62
times better than the official Android
application from BMTA when included in an
Android application.
Advantages:
●Efficient route planning
●Improved user experience
●Faster response times
No. Title - Authors - Date - Source Abstract Advantages - Disadvantages
9
G
Integrated Information
System Based on Google
Maps APIs : Design of
Surabaya Public
Transportation System
Authors: Farah Zakiyah
Oktavia Ayu Permata,
Khodijah Amiroh,
Philip T Daely,
Anas Ittaqullah, and Dimas
Bagus Saputro
Date: October 16th-17th
2019
Source: Proc. ICOMITEE 2019
●Bus tracking is an application that tracks a bus
and gathers the distance to each station along
its route.
●It involves the installation of an electronic device
in a bus, with an installed Android App on any
smartphone to enable the Administrator/User to
track the bus location.
●The client application displays a map showing
the position of the bus and provides updated
information at different time intervals using RTC.
●The server monitors the location and stores data
in the database.
●The waiting time of the user can be reduced, and
a simple mode of communication is the key
feature of the Bus Tracking system.
●It can be easily extended for a central tracking
system to keep track of all the buses.
Advantages:
●
Disadvantages:
●
No. Title - Authors - Date - Source Abstract Advantages - Disadvantages
10
G
Forecasting bus ridership
using a “Blended
Approach”
Authors: Catherine T. Lawson,
Alex Muro, Eric Krans
Date: 3 December 2019
DOI - link
●This research explores a blended data
approach to forecast bus ridership.
●The approach combines traditional and Big
Data sources using a web-based, open
source platform.
●Microsimulation models, transit scheduling
specifications, and an open-source routing
engine are used to generate
origin-destination tables.
●The platform can incorporate new Big Data
sources using APIs.
●The approach is illustrated in the Atlantic
City and Princeton/Trenton transit market
areas.
Advantages:
●Blended data approach
●Incorporates Big Data
●Microsimulation models
Disadvantages:
●Requires web access
●Relies on APIs
●May be complex
No. Title - Authors - Date - Source Abstract Advantages - Disadvantages
11
A
Intelligent Agent Based
RFID System for on
Demand Bus Scheduling
and Ticketing
Authors: Paul Hamilton and
Suresh Sankaranarayanan
Date: 5, October 2013
Source: IJFCC
●Jamaica's public transportation system
needs improvement to meet the needs of
commuters
●Current bus trip schedules are static, not
accounting for fluctuations in demand
●Research has explored the use of RFID
technology to track passengers boarding
and exiting buses, as well as those with
RFID-enabled Smart cards
●Mobile agents with RFID technology are also
being used to monitor passenger demand
and carrying capacity
●No work has been done on dynamic
scheduling of buses based on passenger
demand using RFID
●Proposed research focuses on dynamic
scheduling based on passenger tracking
patterns using intelligent agents
Advantages:
●Dynamic Intelligent agents
based bus scheduling.
●Efficiency of fuel
consumption in deciding
best routes only and
limiting unwanted bus
routes.
●Better profit.
●Use of RFID enables
contactless payment
making it scalable linearly.
Disadvantages:
●High Initial Investment.
●Separate Monitoring
Station Master should be
there to allocate buses
according to needs and
availability.
●RFID can be exploited
easily
No. Title - Authors - Date - Source Abstract Advantages - Disadvantages
12
A
Smart Bus Tracking and
Management System
Using IoT
Authors:
K.Sridevi,
A.Jeevitha,
K.Kavitha,
K.Sathya, and K.Narmadha
Date: 14 March 2017
Source: AJAST
●Bus tracking is an application that tracks a bus
and gathers the distance to each station along
its route.
●It involves the installation of an electronic device
in a bus, with an installed Android App on any
smartphone to enable the Administrator/User to
track the bus location.
●The client application displays a map showing
the position of the bus and provides updated
information at different time intervals using RTC.
●The server monitors the location and stores data
in the database.
●The waiting time of the user can be reduced, and
a simple mode of communication is the key
feature of the Bus Tracking system.
●It can be easily extended for a central tracking
system to keep track of all the buses.
Advantages:
●Simple Architecture to
work with.
●Time Management for
passengers as they knows
bus location prior in their
mobile devices itself.
●Better user experience
resulting greater attraction
towards the system.
Disadvantages:
●Maintenance of the gps
tracker and the whole
system.
●High initial investment.
No. Title - Authors - Date - Source Abstract Advantages - Disadvantages
13
A
Smart Bus System
Authors: Sudhir N. Divekar ,
Sagar R. Patil, Satish A. Shelke
Date: 24 March 2018
Source: IJSRSET
●This paper presents a bus infotainment
system for public transportation facilities.
●The system is stationary at the bus stand.
●Bus identification process is done using
Radio Frequency technology.
●Bus details are announced by Voice and
displayed in a Liquid Crystal Display (LCD)
unit.
●The system integrates Microcontroller and
RF transceiver, GSM and GPS LCD display,
and Voice Announcement.
Advantages:
●Simple Architecture
●Minimum Initial Investment
●Efficient time Management
for passengers
Disadvantages:
● Maintenance of GPS
modules
● Doesn't contain much
features to get more profits
No. Title - Authors - Date - Source Abstract Advantages - Disadvantages
14
A
Smart Bus Management
System Architecture Using
Mesh
App and Service Architecture
Authors: Surachet Sangkhapan,
Panita Wannapiroon, Pachyanun
Nilsook
Date: 12 June 2020
Source: JSW/KMUTNB
●Research on smart bus management system
architecture (SBMSA) using mesh app and
service architecture (MASA).
●Synthesized model of SBMSA using MASA
consists of 3 modules: IoT stack, GPS tracking
system, and smart bus management system.
●The IoT stack consists of 5 subsystems, while the
GPS tracking system receives signals via satellite
to specify bus location and route in real-time.
●The SBMS consists of 8 subsystems: smart
tracking, smart gate attendance, smart camera,
smart alert, estimate time of arrival, suggestions,
accident center, and smart report.
●Findings will lead to the development of SBMS
and help solve problems of public transportation
in the future.
Advantages:
●Robust Architecture
●Real-Time analysis of
almost all state of bus can
be monitored and
analysed.
●Smart Reports are
generated to self improve
to finest.
Disadvantages:
●Maintenance of the gps
tracker and the whole
system.
●Huge initial investment.
●Complex Architecture.
No. Title - Authors - Date - Source Abstract Advantages - Disadvantages
15
A
An Internet of Things
Based Intercity Bus
Management System for
Smart City
Authors: Taufik,
Mochammad; Hudiono,
Hudiono; Rakhmania, Amalia
Eka; Perdana Ridho Hendra
Yoga, Sari Anita Seviana
Date: 21 April 2021
Source: IJCDS
●The bus management system in Indonesia is
manual
●IoT is implemented to improve efficiency
●IoT is used for ticketing, tracking,
monitoring, and reporting
●QR codes are used for ticketing
●GPS trackers are embedded in each bus for
tracking and monitoring
●Data is stored in a cloud server and
processed for display via a web-based
application
●QR scanner is built in the bus to confirm
passenger identity and seating number
●Bus company gathers data from the cloud
to make operation reports
Advantages:
●Simple Architecture.
●Ease of recording reports.
Disadvantages:
●Maintenance of the gps
tracker and the whole
system.
●QR scanner can be
exploited easily.
No. Title - Authors - Date - Source Abstract Advantages - Disadvantages
16
H
RFID for optimisation of
public transportation
system
Authors:
M.H Assaf
K.M Williams
Date: 09 December 2011
Source: IEEE
●Public transportation systems need to
improve customer service, security, safety,
and efficiency.
●A mathematical model is proposed to
achieve these goals using wireless sensor
technology and RFID.
●Simulation experiments demonstrate that
using sensor-based technology can
improve vehicle quality and scheduling,
resulting in better service.
Advantages:
●Efficiency
●Streamlining
●Multiple Scanning
Disadvantages:
●Limited Storage
●Requires Reader
●Setup Costs
No. Title - Authors - Date - Source Abstract Advantages - Disadvantages
17
H
Implementation of Internet
of Things in Bus Transport
System of Singapore Asian
Journal of Engineering
Research, Forthcoming
Authors: Abhilash Menon (S P
Jain School of Global
Management), R. Sinha (S P Jain
School of Global Management)
Date: September 24, 2013
Source: Asian journal
●IoT refers to identifiable objects connected
in an internet-like structure
●Estimates project more than 30 billion
devices connected to IoT by 2020
●Research explores feasibility of
implementing IoT in bus transportation in
Singapore
●Technical architecture proposed for IoT app
to predict arrival timings and bus crowd
●Future scope for further development once
IoT limitations are overcome
Advantages:
●Real-time tracking
●Improved passenger
experience
●Increased efficiency
Disadvantages:
●Cost
●Maintenance
●Privacy concerns
No. Title - Authors - Date - Source Abstract Advantages - Disadvantages
18
H
Smart bus tracking and
management system
Authors: M Rishabh Sai
Madhur, K SREENIVASA
Priyatham, K CHARAN Raj, K
Bipin, BSK Nandan
Date: 20-feb-2018
●IoT connects physical objects to the virtual
world for anytime, anywhere connectivity
●Generates large amounts of data that need
to be converted into useful information for
efficient systems
●Smart Bus Tracking and Management
System developed using Arduino Uno, Wi-Fi
Module, Router, and GPS
●Enables remote control and monitoring of
the system
●Utilizes IoT technology to improve bus
tracking and management
Advantages:
● Efficiency
●Safety
●Optimization
Disadvantages:
●Cost
●Technical Limitations
●Infrastructure
Requirements
No. Title - Authors - Date - Source Abstract Advantages - Disadvantages
19
H
Estimating Bus Passengers
Origin-Destination of Travel
Route Using Data Analytics
on Wi-Fi and Bluetooth
Signals
Authors: Shahrzad Jalali
Date: 2019-05-16
Source: University of Ottawa
●Project aims to estimate bus passengers'
Origin and Destination (O-D) using Wi-Fi
and Bluetooth signals from mobile devices
●Hierarchical and K-Means clustering
algorithms used to separate passengers
from non-passengers' signals
●Second method developed based on online
analysis of sequential data to create the
O-D matrix online
●Results showed proposed approaches can
detect over 20% of passengers and
estimate O-D with 93% accuracy
●Enables public transit companies to
efficiently plan and schedule bus routes,
improve ride comfort, and lower operating
costs of urban transportation.
Advantages:
●Real-time monitoring.
●Improved passenger
experience.
●Smart Reports are
generated to self
improve to finest.
Disadvantages:
●Incomplete data.
●Implementation
challenges.
No. Title - Authors - Date - Source Abstract Advantages - Disadvantages
20
H
Review on IoT based
architecture for smart
public transport system
Authors:
J Jalaney
RS Ganesh
Date: 2019
Source: International
Journal of Applied
Engineering
●Smart Public Transportation (SPT) is a
subsystem of Intelligent Transportation
Systems (ITS).
●The paper reviews IoT-based smart public
transport and various techniques on the
intelligent transport system.
●The proposed breakthroughs incorporate
the concept of the Internet for the
integration of platforms of industrial actors
involved in the field of public transport.
●The objective is to harness the power of IoT
for various conveniences in the field of
public transport and produce an intelligent
transportation system.
Advantages:
●Highly intelligent
●Real-time information
to passengers
Disadvantages:
●Less stable
●High initial investment
Problem Statement
03
●Driver shortage and high operational costs are causing a critical public
transportation service delivery issue for KSRTC.
●The competition from private players, an aging fleet of buses, and slow
adoption of new technologies are making it difficult for KSRTC to keep
pace.
●Addressing these issues is crucial to ensure the continued success and
sustainability of KSRTC's services, given the vital role of public
transportation in the community and its impact on people's daily lives.
Objective
To identify and analyse the common difficulties that
public transportation systems confront around the
world, using Kerala State Road Transport Corporation
(KSRTC) as a lens. Its goal is to provide insights and
recommendations on how to improve.
●operational efficiency.
●sustainability.
●service delivery.
Methodology
04
Functions
Data Flow Diagram - Client side
Data Flow Diagram - Station Master
Stacks
Hardware -
●NFC Cards - R/W
●Demo Ticketing Machine -
NodeMCU with NFC Reading
●Smartphone - 1GB RAM or Above
Software - TransitMaster App
●HTML, CSS with Tailwind, JS with
React Native framework
●Linux Server with Apache
●SQL database
●Google Location APIs
●Leaflet Maps
Tools - for project
●VS Code - IDE
●Azure Cloud - VM - B1S Machine - Linux
●Termius - Auth. to VM and SFTP
●Github - VCS, Active Page
●Google Workspace - Documentation
Project Schedule
05
TransitMaster
Conclusion
06
●A smarter transportation ecosystem can revolutionize public transportation and
address critical issues faced by services such as KSRTC.
●Seamless travel experience, contactless payment, and student-friendly offers can
enhance the convenience and accessibility of public transportation for commuters.
●GPS positioning for each vehicle can provide added safety and security to the
passengers.
●Addressing driver shortage, high operational costs, competition from private players, an
aging fleet of buses, slow adoption of new technologies, and labor disputes is crucial for
the continued success and sustainability of public transportation services.
●The introduction of a smarter transportation ecosystem can not only improve the service
delivery of public transportation but can also help to address broader issues faced by
public transportation systems worldwide.
Thank You <3
